> For clean Markdown of any page, append .md to the page URL.
> For a complete documentation index, see https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/geography-functions/llms.txt.
> For AI client integration (Claude Code, Cursor, etc.), connect to the MCP server at https://help.sigmacomputing.com/_mcp/server.

# Geography functions

> Browse Sigma geography functions available in formulas and calculations.

> **Info**
>
> Geography functions aren't compatible with all data platform connections. To check if your connection supports these functions, see [Supported data platforms and feature compatibility](/docs/region-warehouse-and-feature-support#supported-data-platforms-and-feature-compatibility).

Geography functions enable you to work with the [geography data type](/docs/data-types-and-formats#geography) to analyze locations, routes, and other geospatial data. For example, you can use geography functions to transform data into compatible formats for [geography maps](/docs/build-a-geography-map).

| Function                       | Description                                                                                           |
| :----------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [Area](/docs/area)             | Calculates the area of a geography, in specified units.                                               |
| [Centroid](/docs/centroid)     | Calculates the geographic center of a geography.                                                      |
| [Distance](/docs/distance)     | Calculates the minimum distance between two geographies, in specified units.                          |
| [Geography](/docs/geography)   | Converts GeoJSON or WKT formats to the [geography data type](/docs/data-types-and-formats#geography). |
| [Intersects](/docs/intersects) | Determines if one geography intersects another geography.                                             |
| [Json](/docs/json-geography)   | Converts [geography data](/docs/data-types-and-formats#geography) to GeoJSON.                         |
| [Latitude](/docs/latitude)     | Returns the latitude component of a point.                                                            |
| [Longitude](/docs/longitude)   | Returns the longitude component of a point.                                                           |
| [MakeLine](/docs/makeline)     | Constructs a line from a series of points and line segments.                                          |
| [MakePoint](/docs/makepoint)   | Constructs a point from latitude and longitude data.                                                  |
| [Perimeter](/docs/perimeter)   | Calculates the perimeter of a geography, in specified units.                                          |
| [Text](/docs/text-geography)   | Converts [geography data](/docs/data-types-and-formats#geography) to WKT format.                      |
| [Within](/docs/within)         | Determines if one geography is fully within another geography.                                        |

> Official documentation and guidance for using Sigma to build AI apps, dashboards, and agents on governed warehouse data.

## Docs

- [Area](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/area.md): Use the Sigma Area function to calculate the area of a geography polygon, in specified units.
- [Centroid](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/centroid.md): Use the Sigma Centroid function to calculate the center of any geography object, and return it as a point.
- [Distance](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/distance.md): Use the Sigma Distance function to calculate the minimum distance between two geographies, in specified units.
- [Geography](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/geography.md): Use the Sigma Geography function to convert GeoJSON or WKT data into the Geography data type.
- [Intersects](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/intersects.md): Use the Sigma Intersects function to determine if one geography intersects another geography.
- [Latitude](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/latitude.md): Use the Sigma Latitude function to obtain the latitude of a point.
- [Longitude](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/longitude.md): Use the Sigma Longitude function to obtain the longitude of a point.
- [MakeLine](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/makeline.md): Use the Sigma MakeLine function to construct a LineString from a series of Point or LineString data.
- [MakePoint](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/makepoint.md): Use the Sigma MakePoint function to construct a point from latitude and longitude data that describe a location within the Geographic Coordinate.
- [Perimeter](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/perimeter.md): Use the Sigma Perimeter function to calculate the perimeter of a geography, in specified units.
- [Within](https://help.sigmacomputing.com/docs/within.md): Use the Sigma Within function to determine if one geography is fully contained within another geography.